Nelson Mandela Essay

The world principaler I have chosen to write about is Nelson MandelaNelson Mandelas rise in the political arena can be traced back to his old age as one of the leading members of the African subject area Congress, differently known as the ANC, beginning in 1944 (Mandela, 2009). The ANC was one of the oldest South African civil rights unions. The unions primary purpose, the freedom and equal rights of all baleful citizens from the practice of apartheidSouth Africas wherefore legalized form of racismwas a natural draw for Mandela.Mr. Mandela describes in his own words the deciding moment when he joined the ANC I had no epiphany, no singular revelation, no moment of truth, but a steady accumulation of a curtilage slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments, that produced in me an anger, a rebelliousness, a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people (Mandela, 2009). Mandelas desire and drive helped sustain him in the difficult years ahead. After joi ning the ANC and creating its first youth league (Mandela, 2009). Mandela went on to organize many peaceful protests and civil disobedience demonstrations throughout a good deal of the country.Growing in popularity, these campaigns were eventually deemed illegal by the National Partythe white supremacist government in power at the timeand ultimately led to the irons of Mandela in 1962 (Mandela, 2009). Although many people advocated for his release throughout the years, it was from his own prison cell twenty years later when Nelson Mandela finally negotiated his own freedom and began the long, tedious, notwithstanding peaceful process of creating a new government for the South African people. Working together with South Africas new president, F.W. de Klerk, Mandela negotiated heroically in the macrocosm of a new and non-discriminatory government.The 2 men made history on September 26, 1992 when they signed the Record of Understanding, a document formalizing their agreement to c reate a new, non-racial, democratic government freely elected by the people (Mandela, 2009). Nelson Mandela went on to become the first freely elected President of South Africa and continued the firmly work of rebuilding his country. He served his presidency for five years, stepping down from politics in 1999. Although removed from public office, Mandela continued toadvocate for issues important to his country issues such(prenominal) as AIDS, poverty, and human rights. Again, Nelson Mandela worked tirelessly on behalf of his people, receiving numerous rewards throughout the years, until he formally retired from public life in 2004 (Mandela, 2009).As a result of his lifes work, Nelson Mandela forever changed the social view and practice of apartheid in his country. Politically, his efforts resulted in the first non-discriminatory, democratic (majority rule) government for South Africa. Therefore, I find these to be the two most(prenominal) significant social and political changes t hat occurred as a result of Nelson Mandela. Task B.The individual I have chosen to write about is Martin Luther mogul, juniorDr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was known as a religious reformer and civil rights activist who rose to greatness during the civil rights figureheads of the United States.Dr. King began his career as a civil rights activist in 1956 (About Dr. King, n.d.) when he was hired as a spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott a campaign organized and fully back up by the black community of Montgomery in protest of the segregation of the city bus lines. This boycott, which lasted for 381 days, ended successfully with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling declaring racial segregation in public transportation unconstitutional (About Dr. King, n.d.). This landmark protest would prove to be but one of the many successful campaigns Dr. King would lead throughout his lifetime.In 1958, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) elected Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as their pre sident (About Dr. King, n.d.). The SCLCs mission of providing guidance to the growing civil rights movement (occurring throughout much of the south) served as the perfect platform for Dr. Kings message. From here, Dr. King would go on to organize many campaigns, most of them occurring in Birmingham, Alabama, then described as the most segregated city in America (About Dr. King, n.d.).Drawing from the nonviolent teachings of Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Kings peaceful protests and civil disobedience demonstrations were televised in perfect(a) contrast to the brutality of Birminghams police force. The televised beatings of young black protesters proved too much for the nation to bear, prompting congressto begin legislation on behalf of the civil rights movement in 1962 (About Dr. King, n.d.).Although the Birmingham demonstrations led to the writing of his open and now famous Letter from Birmingham Jail an articulate, well written manifesto of Dr. Kings beliefs and actions (About Dr. King, n. d.), time would show that Martin Luther King, Jr.s greatest moments were still to come. In 1963 Dr. King gathered more than a quarter-million people to Washington D.C.s National Mall for the March for Jobs and Freedom, now commonly referred to as the March on Washington (About Dr. King, n.d.)It was here that Dr. King delivered his legendary I Have a envisage speech, firmly placing himself on the world stage as a social and political leader, as well as becoming the youngest man30 years of age to receive the Nobel Peace. As a result of all the publicity Dr. King drew to the civil rights movement, congress shortly passed the historical 1964 civic Rights Act, and soon after the 1965 Voting Rights Act (About Dr. King, n.d.) sweeping legislation declaring it illegal to discriminate against blacks or any other minority people, and removing any obstacles obscuring blacks of their right to vote.After the passage of the Civil Rights Act, Dr. King carried on with his work, choosing to focus on economic justice and international peace. Tragically, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated while visiting a motel in Memphis on April 4, 1968 (About Dr. King, n.d.).Through his work, Dr. King introduced our country to the practice of nonviolent demonstrations, socially changing the way many people participate in protests even today. Due in part to his nonviolent campaigns, Dr. Kings efforts resulted in the passing of the Civil Rights Acts, one of the most significant political changes occurring in the history of our country. Therefore, I find these to be the two most significant social and political changes resulting from the actions of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Collaborative Health Care

Running head IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH leaders 1 Improve productivity with Leadership Natalie Misyuk Chamberlain School of Nursing Marilyn Smith NR 447 Col force backative Health care IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 2 Improve Productivity with Leadership Introduction Working in the VA has made me locomote a leader, I reserve been employed here for roughly 4 years and it feels standardised family.I started becoming a leader by learning though out my experience from my colleagues of my other jobs that I held and the knowledge I have acquired through my take that helped me prepare for the future. I want to be there for my whole career as a Registered Nurse and as a Leader in my clinic to correct productivity and processes. The two sufficient goals that I have choose are 1. Reduce late and female genitalscelled appointments in the Womens clinic. 2. To provide the female veterans with the bare-assedest technology ready(prenominal) on the market. I choose them because I want to be the best nurse advocate to my patients.Goal 1 Leadership Development My leadership development is about being a natural leader. I attend convocations, read books and keep myself updated on the different theories of leadership. I always wondered what kind of leader I would become but over the years I have learn to lead and mitigate my skills to become a natural leader. It is about certain strategies that you just have to have. Strategic thinking helps you to learn to step back from the day-to-day tactical details and focus on the why, not just the what and how.Being a hot listener kernel to learn to pay attention and demonstrate to others that I value what they have to say. IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 3 Peer-Reviewed Articles The article that I found is called Empowering others to take an active role in patient care This article talks about how leadership traits are very difficult to accommodate into the real world when you try to learn them from some iodin . Each individual is a leader within himself and is a product of individual xperiences, individual opportunities, and individual rearing who has been exposed to challenging situations, unique opportunities (Sara J. White 2012). It is simply not realistic to think, How flock I be like her? , or in How can I be as good a leader as Abraham Lincoln? When we think about the great leaders that we have come across in our lives, it would be difficult to retrace the knowledge, experiences, and perspectives that shaped their ability and goodness. It is difficult to acquire or develop the attributes necessary to be a good leader by seeing examples of ood leadership in others. Good leadership ability pull up stakes result from applying knowledge useful in situations that require leadership, practicing the skills associated with leadership, and having the desire and motivation to practice these in appropriate situations. (Sara J. White 2012) Leadership is about coping with change. This re quires more specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The individual must have the knowledge necessary to be a good leader, including the knowledge necessary to develop a vision, stimulate change, bunk well with people, and become a person of influence.Credible Websites The website that will help me with the development of my new goal talks about 10 Tips to Improve productivity at work. by Adam Gurian. It is a business professional website, but it can be applied to anyone that wants to improve processes in their work. He talks about how to quickly manage IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 4 difficult situations and how to be a leader at work, which will result in productivity in the workplace.The number one is to Act immediately on headphone the messages, I neer knew how important this is for my patients, but if you can return the phone call back to a patient that is in a great emergency then it can accomplish much maybe even and save the patients life. It all starts from t he little things that we do as nurses to help our day run smoothly. Another important mother fucker is to organize your tasks for the day, so you can tackle your most important priorities together, you will save quantify and be more efficient and produce higher character reference work. By starting your day ith the most important task, you will increase your productivity and get your day off to a good start. This is a presumptive website that applies to my specific SMART goal because it talks about different positive ways to get the job done. This website is very helpful for employees in any cogitation to be productive in their job. Informational Expert I have spoke with the Nurse pedagogue in my job about how to reduce late and call off appointments in the Womens Clinic. The nurse educator had informed us, for all the clinics the number one priority to reduce late and cancelled appointment is to make reminder calls at least 2-4 days in advance.We all forget things, and appoin tments are among the easiest things to lose track of. Appointment cards are helpful, but in the end, a phone call is your best bet. Email, text message and other automated solutions are starting to make some headway, but a good old-fashioned telephony call is still the most effective tool to combat schedule disintegration. We are very busy in our clinic, so not all the time these phone calls are able to be made but for the most part we have to start making it our number one priority.The Nurse Educator told us to create a workbook where we will type everything out the patients name, date or appointment, time, which doctor and for what reason. In this work book IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 5 we will keep track of patients who received the call, who the message was left for and who cancelled or just didnt show up. My goals are to be on heyday of these reminder phone calls and try to call everyday to the patients scheduled when I have some free time. In the worst case scenario when phone calls werent able to be made, our clerk will send out reminder letters.I can definitely achieve my SMART goal this way, by working together as a team and collaborating with each other to meet our clinics goals. Goal 2 Organizational Planning I know this goal is a difficult one to achieve, because it is all about the timing and the finances of the VA hospital. It is one of the goals for our clinic to have the most recent and newest technology offered to the Women Veterans. A few months ago I went to a conference and I heard about the new Mammography technology that is being offered, which is called Computed Tomography Laser Mammography.This medical imaging technique uses laser energy in the contiguous infrared region of the spectrum, to detect angiogenesis in the breast tissue. The technology uses laser in the same way computed tomography uses X-Rays, these beams travel through tissue and cope with attenuation. It would be great to see my clinic have one of these in the near future, I know how painful getting a mammogram can be and this new way o f getting a laser detector can do the best job pain free. Detect tumors, and any irregular tissue with this pain free mammogram. Peer-Reviewed ArticlesThe article named Exploring the Influence of impudent Technology Planning and Implementation on the Perceptions of New Technology Effectiveness by Bellamy, Al talks about that organizations that recently installed new technology bettered the workplace and its effectiveness. Technology is believed IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 6 to have more effective outcomes when it is corporate systematically within an organizations strategy process. Organizations that have good leadership, have good decision-making processes, and rganizational policies and procedures. Organization with new technology is much more effective in every way. An organization that is characterized by its members as being rigid and unwilling to change would probably approach new techn ology planning and instruction execution differently than an organization described as open and that does not resist change. There may also be parallel differences in the effectiveness in which new technology is deployed. The perceived climate of the organization may mediate the relationship among technology, the planning processes, and the perceived effectiveness of he deployment of technology (Bellamy, 2009). This all means that new technology in the workplace is for the better in every way, and the number one goal is to to better patient outcomes. The way that this article relates to my SMART goal, is by talking about that new technologies improves production and patient satisfaction. Credible Websites The website that talks about why technology is very beneficial to the workplace because it simplifies and reduces the labor involved to complete the task at hand. Technology is the use of any tool that was developed by man to enhance the productivity of any presumptuousness task. This website has a different approach about technology because it does not talk about the medical field with its new technologies, but it talks about technologies in the work place. This specific website talks about farmers utilizing various technologies to increase their farm production. New farm technologies improved in quality production and more extraneous exchange was brought into our country because of this. The way that this IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 7 ebsite applies to my SMART goal is by talking about new technologies benefiting any work environment to improve the quality of the produce. The actual website is http//www. fiji. gov. fj Informational Expert My nursing manager has told my team that it is a great goal that we have thought of, however it is something that will take place not until the year 2015. The financial situation is very bad right now with the VA Hospital, after the hurricane Sandy, the Manhattan VA was destroyed which put us in great financial loss. New technologies are on their way but we will just have to wait.My nurse manager recommended that the patients that are in a lot of pain doing mammograms the old way, can be referred to an outside specialty clinic that provide these types of special services with laser Mammography machines. Summary I have learned a lot in this research paper, being a leader in the work environment lets me realize that there are many things to manifestation out for to keep the clinic running smoothly. Make pre-visit telephone calls is one great goal that I came up with, with the Nurse educator in order to improve productivity and efficiency.My goal is to continue learning about different leadership styles in my workplace and to continue to build and lead high performing teams is curiously in the Womens Clinic. We must work closely together and wear many different hats to effectively meet our companys demands. I appreciated doing this research and learned a lot about how we can improve quality and productivity. Creating an environment that will promote problem solving is part of creating an effective team.My informational expert has taught me that you should never be afraid to communicate whatever it is you want to learn IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITH LEADERSHIP 8 more about, because it will only help you learn something new, you can never be wrong from asking a question instead of doing something without the correct answer. References Bellamy AL. (2007). Exploring the Influence of New Technology Planning and Implementation on the Perceptions of New Technology Effectiveness.Journal of Technology Studies, v33 n1 p32-40. 9 pp. White SJ Wilkin NE McElroy SR. (2012). Leadership development Empowering others to take an active role in patient care. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association(J AM PHARM ASSOC), 2012 May 1 52 (3) 308-18. http//www. businessnewsdaily. com/3272-improve-productivity-tips. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computed_tomography_laser_mammography htt p//www. fiji. gov. fj/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=739technologies-improve-production&catid=97features&Itemid=198

Maternal Health and Child Health Systems Assessment Tool Essay

A pecker for assessment of wellness service systems to support maternal health and child health Health during primordial childishness and pregnancy has long term and wide ranging impacts on the general health of populations. Promotion of good health in pregnancy and childhood are and so critical activities of primary health fear work. Health service systems need to be organised to meet the specific needs of maternal and child care alongside the other major aspects of these services, such as acute and chronic illness care.Health care organisations require practical tools to guide efforts and evaluate changes in maternal and child health. This ABCD Systems Assessment appliance was originally designed for assessing primary care systems support for chronic illness care. The tool is based on the structure, substance and principles of the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) survey (Bonomi et al. , 2002) and on the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions (ICCC) Framework (WHO 2 002).We have now adapted the Systems Assessment beast for use in quality improvement activities directed at maternal and child health (MCH). This registration is based on key policy reports and investigate papers relevant to the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary care sector (see list on last page). As for the ABCD Systems Assessment Tool for chronic illness care, this MCH Systems Assessment Tool has been designed for use with health services for Indigenous Australian populations.However, it is expected to be appropriate with minor adaptation for many other settings. The intended purpose of the tool is to support ongoing quality improvement initiatives through systematic assessment of a range of elements of health service systems that have been demonstrated to be important. The tool provides for an assessment of the state of development of health service systems guidance on next steps in planning improvements in maternal and child health careassessment of p rogress in achieving system improvement. As for the ABCD Systems Assessment Tool, this MCH Systems Assessment Tool incorporates the direct principles of the ICCC Framework evidencebased decision making population focus streak focus quality focus integration and flexibility/adaptability. Version 2. 1 Last Updated 30/03/07 Activities and programs relevant to maternal and child health care can be considered in three areasa) Clinical Services for maternal health through undivided health promotion advice, clinical preventive care and the early detection of illness (includes antenatal and post natal clinics/screening, case finding, brief interventions/counselling mainly health centre based, one-to-one activities) b) Clinical services for child health through individual health promotion advice, clinical preventive care and the early detection of illness (including child health clinics, screening, growth monitoring, case finding, brief interventions/counselling generally health centre based, one-to-one activities)c) Community or commonwealth based programs/activities, ancillary programs for maternal and child health (eg programs or activities designed to promote nutrition, breastfeeding, physical activity, oral/dental health, mental health, environmental health, and to reduce persecute from cigarette smoke or alcohol) Each of these three areas of activities is important in the effective prevention and management of maternal and child ill health and the prevention of chronic illness in later years.The quality of systems in place to support each of these three areas of activities or programs may differ quite markedly within the same health centre or health service. The scoring form for this tool provides for distinct scoring of how systems support each of the areas. The prompts provided in this tool are intended only as guidance to some of the sorts of system issues that one might consider for scoring each item of the tool.These prompts are non intended to cove r all relevant issues for all services. While there may be some overlap, the elements of the MCH Systems Assessment Tool can be apply separately to the assessment of systems to support a) services for maternal health and b) services for child health. The use of this tool provides a score for the state of development of contrastive aspects of health centre systems.These scores may be used as a guide for where improvement efforts might be focussed. The scores should be seen as a guide only, and services should base their priorities on the range of information available and the opportunities for improvement in different areas. We will welcome suggestions or feedback from services which use this tool.

Language Acquisition and Development

A huge variation in the put of vocabulary and language development digest be observed in children , and p atomic number 18nts/c betakers should not expect all children to develop at the same rate .The development of speech is dependent on the environment that the child is brought up in especially the complaisant interactions the child has with the members of the family unit. A child who is spoken to often and is exposed to the daily routine of the house/ locality develops its own interpretation and relation between quarrel and actions.Kids typically try to use the type of colloquy conventional in their community for example a child brought up in a sprightly Spanish household may start waving its arms to communicate before actually forming the words when it sees the people in its orbit doing so. A child brought up in a silent household may not speak early as it has negligible exposure to the use of verbal or non verbal communication. The Motor function development in the child also impacts the rate of speech development. Children who are read to often or encouraged to speak are seen to make better effort at communication rather than those children left to their own de offenses.It is also found that children of working parents, who are left in day care, adopt the speech mannerisms they are exposed to in the day care center. There are instances when children develop speech when they find they are not getting what they want or need and vice versa. There also needs to be allowances made such as the health of the child and its expression patterns. The development of speech is also dependent on the interest displayed by the child in study and participating in activities like play or reading. Therefore we can see that children develop at different rates depending on their environment and internal biological development. The exposure that a child is attached compounded with the pace of motor functions impact the age of speech for different children.References Wegner, Lynn (2007).Screening for Speech and Language slow down in Preschool Children More Answers Are Needed. Pediatrics. 533-534. Nelson, Heidi D., Nygren, Peggy, Walker, Miranda, & Panoscha, Rita (2007). Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children Systematic test Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics, 298-319. Wertsch, James 1985. Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.

Marketing Strategies of Colgate Palmolive Ltd

Project Report A STUDY ON commercializeing STRATEGIES OF COLGATE PALMOLIVE LTD. Submitted to Dr. D. K. Agarwal Submitted by DINESH CHAUHAN62014 VIVEK DHAR 62066 FORE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT NEW DELHI Contents ? Introduction1 ? Objective2 ? Methodology3 ? Company Profile4 ? Company Strategy6 ? Marketing Mix15 ? swot Analysis26 ? Survey Findings28 ? Retailers Survey34 ? Conclusion37 ? Suggestions39 ? Consumer Questionnaire ? Retailer Questionnaire ? Bibliography INTRODUCTION As early as 3000 B. C. Egyptians use soup-straineres fashioned from twigs.In the twentieth century a major design advance occurred in 1938 with the launch of Dr. Wests Miracle tussock soup-strainer, the first nylon bristle brush. Until the late 1970s toothbrushes were widely viewed by consumer as a commodity and were in general obtains on monetary value. The involvement remained outset and the companies also treated their toothbrushes as an extension, to get their consumers to use their toothpastes. Typic ea ch(prenominal)y in the Indian market the percentage of toothbrush users has slowly inched upwards.As it has always been associated by the non-users as a non-essential item more so because of their fierce loyalty to the margosa twigg(Datun) and the index finger. The market of late has been the submission of some(prenominal) foreign imposters and the marketing game has assumed a originally in the buff dimension. Companies ar assay to transfigure to PULL strategy of long term returns and the inclination of consumers to shell out a few rupees extra to ensure a more wholesome shell out of their teething and gum. This has resulted in rapid exploitation in value terms.Added to this is the initiative of the companies to counsel on expanding the market by bringing the over 65% non-users in their consumer fold. With such vast potential to be exploited, the innovation of several new players with their innovative reports and accept in similar developing markets, the manufacturi ng is likely to see a hatch of action in the immediate future. OBJECTIVE The higher up of the project was manifold. ? First of all a general idea of the toothbrush industry its competitiveness, volume and potential was to be adjudged. Next was to go on to analysis of the attitudes of a normal consumer and his/her idea/perception of this low involvement category carrefour. ? This was to be followed up with the study of Colgate sum toothbrush, as a typical return of the fellowship, Colgate Palmolive and its standing in the market vis-a-vis other players, especially new entrants. ? To amalgamate all above to conclude as to what was to be the future/probable course of the toothbrush industry and Colgate Plus tooth brush in particular. METHODOLOGY 1.To get an idea of the industry, I went through all the relevant literature we could lay my hands upon. This included A & Ms, Business Todays. 2. For consumer attitudes, I prep ard a questionnaire that was circulated among 70 odd tri be, well spread out across the whole of Delhi. The akin was done with the retailers to try and see the conformity in findings in some specific attributes. 3. The questionnaire was to structured that an idea of gull image and relative studying of various brand could also be elicited. 4.The findings were synthesized, and keeping in mind the new entrants, their potential and the potential of the market, projections were made and conclusions were drawn. COMPANY PROFILE A household shout for paste and tooth powder, Colgate Palmolive (India) was established on 23rd September 1937 as a private hold guild in Bombay, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Colgate Palmolive Co. Of USA Initially it started with trading natural process and later set up manufacturing operations in 1949 at Sewry (Bombay). The company became a public limited company on 5th October 1978.In 1990-91 the company commissioned facilities for fatty acid and toilet goo at Waluj (Aurangabad). The plants at Sewri and Waluj m anufacture oral care products like dental consonant creams, tooth powder tooth brushes and personal care products like toilet soaps, shampoo, which are marketed under various brand names such as Colgate, Palmolive, Halo, Protex and Charmis. The companys distribution ne 2rk covers 1700 stockists and 4,50,000 retailers with ware house facilities in Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad, Lucknow and Madras ( and a new addition at Faridabad).The company has its own Research and development facilities and had also been getting the R&D benefits of the parent company. It has a well established quality Control Department at Sewri & Waluj. For 40 years, since inception till 1978, Colgate was carrying on its business in India with a paid up capital of Rs. 1. 5 lakh made up of 1500 equity shares of Rs. 100 each, when it was increases to Rs. 1. 96 crore, by a bonus issue in the ratio of cxxx1. To comply with the FERA regulations, Colgate Palmolive, USA diluted its share holding to 40% in the India n company, through an protract of sale to the Indian public in October 1978.Following FERA relaxation, the foreign shareholding was increased from 40% to 51% in September 1993. Colgate Palmolive (CP) is a global leader in household and personal care products. In 1991, it had gross sales of $ 6. 06 billion and a gross profit of $ 2. 76 billion, its world wide R&D expenditures were $ 114 one thousand thousand and media advertising expenditure totalled $ 428 meg. Colgate Palmolives five year plan for 1991 to 1995 emphasized new product launches and entry into new Geographic markets, along with improved efficiencies in manufacturing and distribution and a continuing focus on core consumer products.In 1921 $ 243 million was spend to upgrade 25 of Colgate Palmolives 91 manufacturing plants, 275 new products were introduced world-wide several strategic acquisitions (e. g. of the Mennen mens toiletries company) were completed and manufacturing began in China and Eastern Europe. Since 198 5, gross margins had climbed from 39% to 45% while annual volume growth since 1986 had averaged 5% International sales Colgate Palmolives strong unit, accounted for 64% of sales and 6% of profits in 1991. COMPANY STRATEGY ORAL CARE AND TOOTHBRUSH persistence IN PARTICULAR Volume is the key says Richard Usuquen, VP Marketing Colgate Palmolive (India) Ltd. To expand the market in all ranges, CP has an flow rate RURAL VAN PROGRAMME and SCHOOL PROGRAMME covering 14 million villages and 80 million consumers, teaching people brush or even clean their teeth with the fingers. CPs action centring just just about finely balancing the urban market (59. 5%) and farming(prenominal) markets (68% share) . So while the company has introduced such pension packaging as stand up toothpaste tubes with flip-up caps in the urban market, it is also selling sachets of Colgate dental cream at low prices.This focus on volumes is also evident in the toothbrush market, estimated at 400 million units p er annum. C-P is the toothbrush leader in India with an approximately 60% market share, but since 95 it is facing challenges from HLL which has already garnered 8% market share. Usuquen says The penetration of brushes in India is very low, so more than market share, it is important to grow the market. To that end CP has actively introduced line extensions across all three segments economy, center(a) and premium since last year.At the entry level it has adopted the sleeve packaging, with no individual cases. The focus is on driving volumes through the price-sensitive segment. The mid-price market has been the introduction of the HIGH KLEEN range, while the upper end has seen the zig zag and Double Action launches. For the economy segment, a price focus has been adopted. On finisher are five toothbrushes each from the CP and Cibacca stables to rural consumers, at prices low enough to generate trial. For the urban market, the focus is on maintaining novelty value by introducing n ew variants and added features. Whatever is new, people buy. So the idea is to accelerate filling through a variety of product features. CPs perception of the Indian market is of one where people welcome change but clamour for high end products at cheaply prices. The firmness to this enigma as per the companys strategy is to .. Optimise cost and formulation and the proceses and come up with streamlined manufacturing to answer this . CPs strategy is to pour in a lot of investment in the Indian market in terms of capital expenditure and organizational support and each out to the deepest interiors. partitioning The toothbrush industry tush be regarded as a component of the oral examination Care industry which broadly comprises tooth paste, mouth wash and floss, besides tooth brushes and a large unorganized naturally available cleaning mediums viz. Index Finger, Neem twigs etcetera But Colgate Plus need non to bothered about latter as it operates in a different category. The to oth brush industry can be metameric in the basis of social class & income group (Demographic Segmentation ), price (Product segmentation), benefit (behavioural segmentation), the last beingness the most important.DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION ACCORDING TO PRICE Segment Category Brands Characteristic Low income rural class Economy Promise, Cibaca Looking for low price Middle income group semi urban standardized Colgate holy Pepsodent popular Value for money consumer Upper middle income urban Premium Colgate Plus, Classic, Ajay, Royal racy quality cleaning efficiency consumers Upper class urban sophisticate Super Premium Oral B, Aquafresh, Jordan, Close UpUnique, attribute, dentists recommendation The last two categories merge, since Colgate Plus is intelligently positioned in between the two to maintain a high quality in age as well as gain switches from standard category to up grade PSYCHOGRAPHICS Variations in Product Jazzy looks, Transparent compensate simpleton looks, Modest Mix of the two transparent Flashy act upon Superior Packingpackaging, Solid colours handle but not very flash packaging. Urban sophisticate Chooses with care, sports it asAbhors Abhors a locating symbol while interacting in group travels Semi urban Non Chalant User Aspires for it, but finds it Very lots goes for this as it Some times this difficult to afford tries it serves is purpose without much seldom expenditure bucolic User Does not have access/cant Is the only option Datun Generally cant afford this think of either Tooth brushes brands Oral B, Jordan, Aqua fresh etc. Promise, Forhans etc. Cibaca, Ajanta, Ajay etc. The overall response reflects a gradual move in the direction of the premium to super premium segment as it is at one time in three months/four months purchase, thus being successful in luring all customers (except the rural user who are a small minority of the Market) to try out the ones that are places at a higher price on account of their trendy looks and overall appeal of modal value and splendor. BENEFIT SEGMENTATION User Characteristic Invalid oral wellness consumer Involved oral health Consumer Uninvolved Oral Health Consumer Therapeutic Brushers Cosmetic Brushers Non-chalant Brushers Product Differentiater search functionally superior Search for product that Views products as same Lack of product with many attributes. effectively delivers cosmetic interest benefits advertisement appeal Put off by hardsell Prefers Influenced by promotion, Relatively unaware of ads can dentist recommendation or hammering on a USP at most be influenced by price certain opinion offs, package deals Buying behaviour Buys for himself, will go to a Buys and uses for himself. Buys for family. , will pick up specialised store Will not go beyond a large any brand available. shop, supermarket Regularity of usage Brushes after(prenominal) every meal Brushes mostly once, sometimes At most once a d ay twice Brand loyalty High Low Nil equipment casualty (Willing to pay) 20 15-20 Rs. 20 3. 0 25. 0 7. 5 ASCRIBED TO No specific reason 59. 4 33. 3 50. 0 sound out of mouth 15. 6 16. 7 19. 1 impressed with advt. 9. 3 20. 11. 9 shopkeeper insisted 15. 6 20. 8 14. 3 dentists advice 6. 3 8. 3 4. 8 REPLACEMENT FREQUENCY 0-1 MONTHS 23. 5 12. 5 17. 4 1-2 MONTHS 26. 5 29. 28. 3 2-3 MONTHS 23. 5 29. 2 30. 4 3-4 MONTHS 23. 5 16. 7 19. 6 4 MONTHS 2. 9 16. 7 4. 3 FREQ. OF BRUSHING Once (per day) 50. 0 28. 46. 7 Twice 44. 2 68. 0 46. 8 after every meal 2. 9 4. 0 2. 2 Not very particular 2. 9 0. 0 2. 2 pressed with Advertisement YES 11. 1 22. 2 12. NO 88. 9 78. 0 87. 1 carnal knowledge IMPORTANCE OF ATTRIBUTES MALES FEMALES TOTAL RANK PRICE 62. 7 57. 3 61. 2 5 PACKAGING 40. 2 49. 3 44. 6 8 forcefulness 74. 5 74. 7 75. 2 LONG HANDLE 51. 9 60. 0 57. 0 6 FLEXIBLE NECK 52. 9 60. 0 57. 1 6 COMFY. run 68. 6 78. 7 73. 7 3 SOFT BRISTLES 78. 4 86. 7 82 . 9 1 LOOKS 46. 1 40. 0 44. 9 DIAMOND HEAD 36. 3 41. 3 38. 9 10 enchant 58. 8 68. 0 63. 4 4 INDICATOR 28. 4 41. 3 34. 3 11 COLGATE PLUS USERS solvent Males Females Total v.Good COLGATE PLUS 30. 96 CIBACA 14. 28 ORAL-B 16. 66 CLOSE-UP 9. 52 PEPSODENT POPULAR 7. 14 JORDAN 9. 2 OTHERS 11. 90 BRAND RECALL BRANDS PERCENTAGE COLGATE PLUS 20. 47 PEPSODENT POPULAR 11. 02 CIBACA 10. 4 ORAL-B 9. 54 AQUA- impertinently 7. 59 AJANTA 7. 09 OTHERS 28. 35 Only about 5% of the respondents could not remember which toothbrush they were presently using which were excluded from the above computing. RETAILERS SURVEY FEATURES No. f Respondents 20 Areas covered Defence Colony, South Avenue, caravan inn Market, North Campus, Sarojini Nagar Nature of survey Structured Questionnaire Objective a) To gather the respond to new entrants vis-a-vis Colgate Plus as perceived by retailers. B) Retailers favorite brand(s) security deposits extended L imitations Given the areas covered, the response was bound to be necessitateed in favour of the upper class users. FINDINGS A.Availability Easy Classic, Aqua-Fresh, Oral-B, Pepsodent, Colgate Plus Not Easy Royal, Forhans, Cibaca, Jordan, Prudent. B. gross revenue High Colgate Plus, Cibaca, Classic, Pepsodent, Oral-B ok Close-up, Ajanta, Ajay, Jordan, Aqua-Fresh C.Profit Margins Highest Classic, Royal High Jordan Medium Oral-B, Aqua-Fresh, Reach, Cibaca Low Colgate Plus, Pepsodent, Close-up * Highest Margin 35-40%Lowest Margin 10-15% N. B. Colgate Plus features in the lowest level of margin and yet commands the highest market share. The low margin was however denied by the Sales Office of Colgate-Palmolive at Delhi, who claimed to supply equal to that of the industry standards. Colgate Plus was not backed up by any appraisal system whatsoever. Supply is kept regular on weekly basis. D. Retailers Perception Of Preferences BY BRAND NAME 36. % CHEAP BRUSH 9. 3% SPECIFY PRICE scarper 15. 9% EXPENSIVE 21. 5% TRY NEW ONESE 16. 8 E. Retails insisted on Pushing Classic as it was moderately priced and yet offered a very profound margin. * The D above was also substantiated by our consumer survey. cultivationThe present day brushing habits of the Indian society as a whole leaves a lot to be desired 41 toothbrushes are sell for every 100 persons per year Total units sold add u to a little over 400 million, growing at the rate of 10% p. a in volume terms and 25% in value terms (difference explained by the shift to upper end of the market). This implies not much inroad has been made into the rural and semi-urban market. Non-users constitute about 65% of total population. While the global brands try to create new markets and add new dimensions, there is much greater latent demand. Out of their stable of marketing strategies, advertising till now had been low priority for the players (this was sustain in our survey as 8 8. % of respondents dont recall the ads). This indicates companies find it formidable to change the low involvement level psyche of consumers and the route of aggressive sales promotion by way of price offs, POP displays, tied sales and generous trade margins still hold the key to increase off take of toothbrushes. No one has made a serious approach in the virgin grime of 65% non-users (CPs Rural Van Programme is a recent drive). The thought of doing a Nirma to the toothbrush market has escaped everyone. Despite packaging constituting a substantial (upto 40%) of the cost of a toothbrush it has found to have influenced the purchasing decisions of the buyers.In our survey consumers corroborated to this effect (refer to the survey findings). Companies could rethink their strategy of increasing differentiability by packaging and instead invest in product development for the same. SUGGESTIONS Some possible product improvisations Attached straight tongue cleaner cased in the toothbrush handle. Cartoons character printed on the handle to attract kids. Padding on the handle end to massage the gums. Casing the toothbrush (for kids) in a toy form. Neck with adjustable handle. Get a certificate by the Indian Dental joining (IDA) for the toothbrush, like the Colgate Calciguard Toothpaste. Segregate the toothbrush types for different age groups, e. g. ,Children Thicker handle for better grip, bright colours and cartoons printed on the handle. Young People of Teenager more trendy colours and designs, like stripes or trip the light fantastic toe dotted, more vibrant colours. Adults Simple designs and sober and decent colours. For the new entrant Introduce the product with the offer of one throw in the towel toothbrush with the purchase of a brush which will encourage in pulley-block and prepointing the purchase of the buyer. As the target segment is the premium segment therefore, premium pricing of the product is necessary. Price the product at Rs. 251 -* or at Rs. 301- and not at Rs. 361 or Rs. 221- because the shopkeepers face a conundrum in returning small changes of Rs. 31 or Rs. 31- and Rs. 1 so they sometimes avoid the product as confessed by the shopkeeper. Add value to the product by giving tips on taking good oral care, in the back side of the package or a free pamphlet with the purchase of a brush, like brushing twice a day, flossing, polishing, regular dental check-up by your dentist, this shows a feel for and concerned attitude by the company. With the purchase of a toothbrush, give a free coupons which is to be fill up in by the consumer and can be used by him or her for getting a free dental check-up as when and where specified in the advertisement in the newspaper. This kind of scheme can be implemented by the company once in two three months.However, these suggestions can be used by the big players in the market or the new entrant, who has to be a big player because a large investment is needed for such heavy sales promotio n and also an attempt should be made to convert this low involvement product into a high involvement as it is concerned with personal card and hygiene and a product of daily use. CONSUMER QUESTIONNAIRE 1. AGE ( 15-30 old age ( 30-40 Years ( 40-50 years (Above 50 years 2. SEX ( Male ( Female 3. OCCUPATION ( Govt. Service( Self-employed ( Corporate executive director ( Student ( Others (specify __________________) 4. MARITAL STATUS Single ( Married with children ( Married without children 5. AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME/ALLOWANCE ( Rs. 20000 6. Which toothbrush do you generally use? 7. Name any other five toothbrushes that you can recall 12345 8. Who purchases your toothbrush? ( Myself( A family member( A Subordinate 9. Do you ask for a toothbrush by name? ( Yes ( No 10.How much are you ready to spend on a toothbrush? ( Rs. 5-10( Rs. 10-15( Rs. 15-20( Rs. 20 11. What prompted you to purchase your current toothbrush? ( Dentists advice ( Impressed with the advertisement ( Shopkeeper ga ve it to me ( A well-wisher recommended it to me ( Just bought it no specific reason. 12. How often do you replace your toothbrush? (0-1 month( 1-2 months( 2-3 months( 3-4 months ( 4 months 13. How often do you brush your teeth a day? ( Once ( Twice ( After every meal( Not particular 14. What according to you are the relative importances of the following? V. Imp Imp. Not so Imp. Doesnt matter PRICE PACKAGING DURABILITY FLEXIBLE NECK COMFORTABLE ANGLE SOFTNESS OF BRISTLES LOOKS (TRANSPARENT HANDLE ETC. ) DIAMOND HEAD GRIP INDICATOR 15. Has any toothbrush ad (seen on TV/in a magazine) made an feign on you? YES NO IF YES, THEN WHY ORAL-B AQUA FRESH ROYAL COLGATE PLUS 16. Kindly answer the following in case you have used Colgate Plus/Aqua Fresh toothbrushes AQUA FRESH COLGATE PLUS QUALITY *V. superb * GOOD * V.GOOD * GOOD * MODERATE * MODERATE * NO GOOD * NO GOOD AVAILABILITY * EASY * non SO EASY * DI FFICULT * EASY * NOT SO EASY * DIFFICULT IF IT WORTH THE PRICE * YES *NO * YES * NO * CANT severalize *CANT SAY IF THE BRAND IS NOT AVAILABLE, THEN I * allow WAIT * WILL WAIT * WILL NOT WAIT * WILL NOT WAIT THANK YOU FOR SPARING YOUR expensive TIME RETAILER QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Location of the store 2. Selling toothbrushes since 3. Brands stocked ( Colgate Plus( Cibaca Supreme( Aqua Fresh ( Jordan( Oral-B( Royal ( Pepsodent( Promise( Ajay ( Ajanta( Classic 4. Which are the top three toothbrushes in terms of exist sales? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In case not covered above. What is the status of 1. Aquafresh( Good( Picking up Moderate( Poor 2. Colgate Plus( Good( Picking up Moderate( Poor 6.How do consumers ask for a tooth brush? (Rank them) (a) Ask by brand name(b) Ask for a cheap brush (c) stipulate a price range(d) Go for an expensive brush (e) Keep trying newer ones 7. Which of these two companies make it a point to (a) Get a regular feedback Aquafresh( Yes( No Colgate Plus( Yes( No (b) Maintain regular supply Aquafresh( Yes( No Colgate Plus( Yes( No 8. Rank your profit margin for the following brands 1. Cibaca Supreme2. Colgate Plus 3. Oral-B4. Aqua Fresh 5. Classic 6. Ajanta 7. Pepsodent 8. Jordan 9. What is your a) Highest Margin b) Lowest Margin 10. If the consumer does not ask for a specific toothbrush then which one would you offer him? Why? BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.Business Today Library 2. A&M Issues of June 05, June 05, April 2006 3. CII Library 4. FORE Library 5. Kotler Philip (Principles of Marketing) 6. Kotler, Philip (Marketing Management). mention I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. N. S. Uppal for entrusting me with a challenging project and along with it, his help and encouragement has been exemplary. I wish to place my sincere gratitude to the officials of concerned organization and libraries who in spite of their cross schedule always spared their time whenever needed. pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic

Operations Management in Business Essay

In writing this engagement the template provided by the college has been used helping in completing the Assignment in the correct format. reading for this assignment has been collected from various sources such as academic pieces of writing from textbooks and lecture notes. Information on the guild has been gathered from the organisations website, journal articles and g everywherenment statistics. References bequeath be provided at the end of the assignment nether the referencing section.LO1 comprehend the structure and aims of caper organisationsLO1.1 Explain the importance of operating roomal management surgical procedure management open fire be identified as a complete class of managerial activities employed by the government to transform resource inserts into product and service outputs. So the resource inputs atomic number 18 the factors of production such as materials, parts, supplies, technologies, cracking, human resources and information. The transformational deal is that set of activities through which trading trading operations managements progress tos output that is value to a client or client in the organizations external environment. So the concept of adding value is critical to operations management. So when operations add value to the original apostrophize of the resource inputs, where a craft commode generate profit or non profit org lav provide public runto the society. So no organization washbasin be successful unless they manage their operations efficiently. An organization has to manage its operations in an utile manner so that nodes will get a satisfactory output.Read moreoperations Management EssayWhy an operation gutter position is important to Kingslice1.To condition capacity closesThat is as operation manager, has to root how much capacity will be studyed and need to identity how compromising capacity should be.2.To take facilities decisionsSo operation manger has to decide where should facilities be loc ated and also how legion(predicate) facilities will be needed and what size they should be.3.To make extendf low-spirited and engineering science decisionsOperation manger should decide what workflow layout would be best for Kingslice and also what technology should be used.4.To make materials and record decisionsHow often should inventorying be ordered and how large should inventory levels be.5.Have to make forest decisionsAs a bread producing community how Kingslice shag achieve best quality outputs and what level it should be. So as the operation manger in Kingslice it is re all(prenominal)y important to concentrate on productivity and profitability. So as the operation manager I digest to look at Quality, competency and Effectiveness issues in the phoner. Quality StandardAs it is judge to produce various kinds of breads to meet customers needs it is very essential to reserve standard quality in products. Eg Wholemeal bread, White bread, Gluten-free bread. To ensure quality, the justly ingredients must be bought at a reason qualified footing to be competitive among the rivals. So the Economic Order Quantity model will be an effective tool in this case. Efficiency StandardShould reduce wastage and need to produce the right amount of breads check to sales. It is very important that all the equipments need to be up to watch according to untried technology bakers should be well trained. Effectiveness StandardThis will help Kingslice to generate more profit and will attract more investors in to the organization. So having skilful staves and proper equipment will help to lift up the effectiveness in Kingslice. LO1.2 Explain the need to produce safely on prison term to cost to quality and within the law Operational efficiency is the ability of an organization to deliver products or function to its customers in the most cost-effective manner possible while still ensuring the high quality of its product, service and support. To advance availabl e efficiency its important to analyze the current situation of the comp each, which occurs when the right combination of the passel, touch on and technology pose together to enhance the productivity and value of any business operations, while cut back the cost of routine. It is important for, Kingslice as bread producing company to, -Decrease functional cost and optimize efficiency-Manage and climb product quality and ensure regulatory compliance -Generate a real prison term demand driven sales and operational planning functionSafetyKingslice should guarantee that safety of all staffs. Staffs need to withstand out a health and safety trainings which will be useful be more watchful at work and react efficiently to safety issues. Equipments should be service over period of time to prevent any danger. CostMinimising wastage will help Kingslice a lot. So the salvage money saved could be used in other departments which lack facilities. Avoiding unnecessary cost will help the company to stay competitive. TimeProducing the bread on time will help Kingslice honouring its contacts to the retailers. By this act, other retailers corporation switch to Kingslice. Quality customer and retailers feedback need to be taken in to consideration seriously so that we can separate which areas need to improve the most. Having regular meetings with staffs is another form of feedback where ideas can be discussed as well as issues in how to improve quality. LegislationTo maintain our competiveness and reputation in the market Kingslice need tostick on to the law. Health and safety policy should be respected by giving the staffs the necessary equipments to work. There are laws that protect the environment at Kingslice we should try to recycle waste.LO1.3 Explain the link among operations management and strategic planning operations management deals with designs, management with products, processes, services and supply chains. It is considered that the acquisition, ripe ning and resources utilization that company needs to provide the goods and services to fulfil their customers needs. So basically it is the acquisition of resources and processes them into finished goods according to the customers wants and the business goal. Strategic planning is a method for a company planning the present based on the projections what will be needed in the future. So it is a road map to direct the business from where it is now where it will like to be Strategic planning gives a clear view onHow resources should be allocated.The issues need to be addressing.The strengths and weaknesses..Strategic Planning moveLink between Strategic Planning and Operation ManagementIn Kingslice, as the operational manger should be equal to(p) operate following operations strategies, Ability to produce bread at low costAbility produce in accordance with detailation and without error Ability to do things quickly in response to customer demands and thereby glumer trivial lead ti mes between when customers orders a product and when they let it. Ability to deliver products in accordance with promises made to customers Ability to change the strength of productionAbility to change the mix of different productsEg Wholemeal bread, White breadAbility to initiate and introduce new productsEg Gluten-free bread, Multi-seed breadApplying the SWOT analysis in Kingslice,-Strengths Get the best out of the staffs and armament well trained staff and technology. -Weaknesses Need to reduce the wastes and overhear to follow or standard recycle method. -Opportunities Innovating products and change package design will help to increase the sales. -Threats competitors and health and safety issuesLO1.4 Produce a systems diagram to illustrate a typical businessLO2 Understand the link between operations management and strategic planning LO2.1 Explain the Three Es (economy, efficiency and effectiveness) In this 3 Es scheme it is often referred to Value of Money. Economy Minimisin g the cost of resources (doing things at a low price) This covers financial side of work carried out. It is measured by considering the cost of resources consumed into value of output delivered. Efficiency Performing designates with realistic attempt (doing things the right flair) This can be measured in terms of the inputs required to generate the outputs. So if a working class can be finished with less resources, the efficiency is been improved. Effectiveness The point to which objectives are met (doing the right things) This can be measured by setting up a objective lens before a task begins and then evaluating whether the targets have been achieved not. Integrating 3Es use of the resources in up(p) quality of the products and the customer service in SubwaySo this 3Es are interrelated so as operations manger when dealing with improving quality and customer service its necessary to consider all 3. So I can advert following, Benchmarking against other rivals for indications a s to whether we are economic enough, efficient enough and effective enough. analyse with other parts of our organizationMeasuring and interpreting trends over a period of timeAiming to ceaseless improvementSo I would suggest following measures to improve above qualities in Subway,Economy achievement MeasuresMaintaining a cost per unitComparing the actual cost input with planned inputEfficiency Performance MeasuresMinimising the wasteMake sure staffs well trainedEquipment must be up to dateEffective Performance MeasuresStoring the right amount of stocksIdentifying the best selling meal depending on the locationIdentifying the target customer groupResponding to customer feedbacksLO2.2Explain the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation.Cost minimisation aims to achieve the most cost efficient way of delivering goods and services achieve the essential level of quality. Customer is the main root in Tesco Plc, without them they cannot survive in the completive market . While bump offering good customer services and the good quality products need to have an idea around the cost minimization of the product as well. So in this case I realised major out flow of the company is merchandise and branding cost. Therefore I have to identify better marketing and branding technique to fall asleep boilers suit Tesco marketing and branding cost for our products. But marketing is very vital to survive in this competitive market (ex.Asda, Sainsburys, Morrisons, Waitrose) Thus have to look any alternation cost to reduce rather than bare marketing cost. I came with an idea to reduce production cost at controlling, Minimise the extra over time,Minimise unnecessary utility expensesManagement ordering then we can reduce transport cost and increase the sales in an efficient way. Hence some Tesco expresses dont have their aver bake off it will be good move to build their own bake off to control waste, cost and provide high quality products. In the mean time I h ave given my attention to best customer services throughout our entire retail shops. Byadvising all retail managers to look after extra satisfactory stock at any time and maintain all warehouse activities including production ,servicing and manage of chilled foods and grocery items while minimum of wastage and maximising customer happiness towards highest profitability margin while in according to control the safety features. To increase the customer services I manage to conduct,Proper training programme to all our staff.Evaluate the retail shops and individual staff by mystery shopperWell experience new staff recruitment,LO2.3 Evaluate the significance of the five transaction objectives that underpin operations management Strategy in a business organization is essentially about how the organization seeks to survive and prosper within its environment over the gigantic-term. The decisions and actions taken within its operations have a direct impact on the basis on which an organiz ation is adapted to do this. The way in which an organization secures, deploys and utilizes its resources will determine the extent to which it can successfully pursue specific accomplishment objectives. Slack et al. (2004) argue that there are five operations strategies 1 Cost The ability to produce at low cost.2 Quality The ability to produce in accordance with specification and without error. 3 Speed The ability to do things quickly in response to customer demands and thereby offer short lead times between when a customer orders a product or service and when they receive it. 4 Dependability The ability to deliver products and services in accordance with promises made to customers (e.g. in a quotation or other published information). 5 Flexibility The ability to change operations. Flexibility can comprise up to four aspects The ability to change the volume of production.The ability to change the time taken to produce.The ability to change the mix of different products or service s produced.The ability to innovate and introduce new products and services. trading operations strategy has a vertical relationship in the unified hierarchy with business and corporate strategies, and horizontally with the other functional strategies, most notably with marketing strategy. Operations strategy might come about in a top-down or a bottom-up process with regard to business and corporate strategies. Similarly, an operations strategy might be developed in response to market requirements (i.e. market-led) or be based on the capabilities of its operations. Slack et al. (2004 p.67) argue that an operations strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions, which set the role, objectives, and activities of operations. Their use of the term pattern implies a consistency in strategic decisions and actions over time. LO3 Understand how to organise a typical production processLO3.1Explain linear programmingLinear programming is the process of taking various linear inequalities relating to some situation, and finding the best value obtainable under those conditions. allow X be the number of items produced in Basic andY be the number of items produced in Deluxe. permit P be the profit from both Basic and Deluxe.Then10X+ 15Y= PA maximum units of capital is 100.Then1004X+5Yrequirement 1Maximum labour availability is 60 hoursThen60 2X+4Y30 X+2Y-requirement 2The number of items of the products should be greater than or equals to zero. ThenY0 and X0Graphical method is used to solve the problem3 points are procurable and the 4th point should be derived from the graph Point (0,15) , (0,0) and (25,0) is available ,X=16.7 and Y= 6.7substituting in P= 10x+15yP=167 + 100.5=267.5Therefore the maximum profit = 267.5LO3.2 Evaluate critical pass analysis and net profit planningCritical highroad analysis is a step by step technique for process planning. This is series of activities determining the earliest completion of the project and schedule network an alysis techniques used to identify the schedule flexibility and the critical path of the project schedule network diagram. The critical path is the extended path (sequence of activities) in a project schedule network diagram. Because it is the longest path, it determines the duration of the project and wherefore the finish dates of the project given the start date. CPA requires careful planning so projects can tryout smoothly. Improve efficiency and cash flow, therefore materials can be ordered to arrive only as they are needed. Critical path analysisMay be used as part of the decision making process.Enables a firm to plan and monitor operations.Time related identifies the maximum time for an operation to be completed.Identify possible problems in implementing operation.Identifies where and when resources (including human ones) are needed. The approach is in three parts. arrive at the network break the overall task down into discrete activities and then create a lucid networ k showing the relationship between the activities in terms of what follows or precedes what.Calculate the timings make estimates of the time required for each activity and calculate the total time required for the project and the critical path the path of activities which must happen to estimate if the project is to be completed on time.Update and monitor progress this is where critical path analysis is really important in areas such as constructions. Having make the network and made the estimates and initial calculations, the progress of the activities can be monitored and the whole network updated as work progresses, to ensure that the project completion is not delayed.Example-The following tasks, estimates and precedence have been agreed in a project. TaskActivityEstimated datesprecedenceAWrite project initiation document3-BResearch site one4ACResearch site two2ADDocument requirements site one6BEDocument requirement site two5CFDefine non functional requirements2AGDefine agr eed requirements3D,E,FHWrite invitation to tender4G enumerate old age29So we can prepare a project network for this project. After that we can be able to identify which activities are on the critical path of the project. Observing this path we can be able to infer the estimated elapsed duration of the project. The project network for this project-Critical path = ABDG H= 3 + 4 + 6 + 3 + 4= 20 daysIn order to complete to this project take 29 days normally but after applyingcritical path can be able to finish this 20 days and we can save 9 days from this.LO3.3 Explain the need for operational planning and controlOperational planning and control decisions involve arrangement and control of labour, materials, and capital input to produce the required quantity and quality of production most efficiently. Operational planning and control are based on forecasts of future demand for the output of the system. But even with the best possible prognostic and the most finely tuned operations syst em, demand cannot always be met with existing system capability in a given time period.Unexpected market trendsnew product developmentscompetitors actionsCan throw the forecasts off and problems in the operations system can reduce capacity. At these times, shorter term managerial decisions must be made to allocate system capacity to meet demand. Long term planning involves factors such as fixed capacity planning and product planning. These decisions will affect the organization in the long run. moderate and short term planning involves variable capacity planning, product forecasting, operations scheduling and inventory management. Operation manger organises the operations functioned be allocating responsibilities and creating structures. To ensure business will run smoothly in the long run following planning and controls have to take in to action Routing_ decides the quality and material typesetters case_organizing production control forms_investigating which part of the product n eed to produced or boughtSchedulingPreventing unnecessary delays and completing operations successfully and efficiently. _Master scheduling_Manufacture schedulingDespatchingHow the process and operations are done through the route sheets. _Centralised Despatching_De-centralised Despatching quest for up and expeditingInspectionLO4 Be able to apply relevant techniques to the production of an operational plan for a typical businessLO4.1 Produce a set of clearly defined operational outcomesCompanies achieve operational outcomes by reducing or avoiding costs. We can use SMART tool to define the outcomesSpecific go across and definite terms describing abilities, knowledge, values, attitudes and performance. Measurable It is feasible to get the data and data are immaculate and undeviating so it can be assed in more than one way. Aggressive but Attainable Has potential to move the organization forward. Results-oriented Describes what standards are expected from customers. Time-bound Desc ribes where organization would like to be within a specific time period As the Operations Manager at sets,When a customer orders for any particular product online it will be delivered next day, so as the operational manger if we can improve that same day service. It will enhance the quality of customer service provided by togs. Reviewing all the shifts and rescheduling the staff rota. So we can put more staff in the busy periods so it will help to provide excellent customer service because customers wont be hold in the long queues to get served. Customer Returns have a bad effect on the business so as operation manger need to ensure the customer to remain faithful to Currys. Discount vouchers, Percentage discounts can be issued to the customer. This will satisfy customers. Some customers experience problems in tone ending through the catalogues. By having trained staffs, it is promising for themto offer help to the customers who wish to use their assist in deciding which particu lar product the customers are looking for. As the operation manger, need to compliance with budget and stability in curries.LO4.2 Produce a network plan and indicate the resultant critical pathTaskActivityEstimated datesprecedenceASearch for suppliers and prepare storage10-BObtain quotation and get the approval 20ACPlace Order5BDInform The accountant 10CEReceive Goods20D G HFReceive invoice15AGChecking goods and acceptance5F, CHMake payment15ATotal daysLO4.3 Explain how quality could be defined and maintainedQuality means different things to different organizations depending on the context. In currys quality is more likely to mean service excellence and customer care which is measured in terms of meeting customer expectations and customer satisfaction.http//www.iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/quality.cfm how to ensure the overall quality standard in currys-Providing vision and direction to achieve results.-Making decisions using accurate data and facts.-Delivering va lue through the development of individuals-Managing process through an integrated approach-Increasing efficiency-Focusing on customers and anticipating future needs-Continuous improvementQuality management tools, standards and models-ISO 9000 series-Total quality management-Investors in people-Service excellence-Six sigmaTo achieve quality standards in currys need to,-Provide quick response to customer feedbacks and problems-Have fully trained staffs-Revise supply chain of the products if products, defects higher than the returns expected per day.-Have up to date softwares and hardwares to provide after sales services if requiredConclusion and recommendationOperations management is a broad area of business management that involves labor relations, statistics, manufacturing control, and policy creation, among other things being a good operation manager demands lots of hard work and dedication as he/she has to demonstrate how he/she manage scarce resources, time, cost, quality and so on. 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Lecture Notes on Modernism and other ‘isms’

Is a shorthand for the seemingly multiform array of ideas and theories that surround art and design as a socially and heathenly located practice. With umpteen of these ideas it is difficult to find a starting point, and a lot of these terms have superseded one some other or atomic number 18 in conflict in some way. There is no real chronology of these ideas, In fact, a linear approach to these Ideas Is probably misleading. 2. These polar ways of formatting knowledge be commonplace in visual culture and art and sign.They atomic number 18 what followers of the French philosopher Gilles Delude might see as reading machines or a tool kit for examining the world of Ideas, concepts that shape our lives. 3. They are ways of modeling the world as well as being lenses through which we prognosis our surroundings, the ideas, habits, concepts and histories that make up a culture or society. Ways of thinking Like this provide critical positions from which we organism these seemingl y chaotic or impractically complex surroundings. 4.The following list is by no means exhaustive just now I hope that in some says what will become apparent are the distinguishable ways that people try to make sense of their subject (Graphic design or illustration), their discipline (art, art and design, utilise art, visual communication, visual culture) and the wider world (society, political systems, culture, difference, power etc). 5. These Ideas backside a lot provide insight, comfort and / or revelation to the adherents, but they skunk also impose dogma, inflexibility and / or a predictable response.Think of the different approaches almost as a set of tools that can be used to strip down the locomotive of history. 6. My respective on this, and one I think I share with everyone here, is the perspective of the practitioner. 7. Whether the concepts here are familiar or constitutionally new, what I ask all of you to do Is re- pour forth these Ideas Interns of how they might relate to each a nonher and to your practice, your practical research and your written work for this module. 8. We will begin to consider race, gender, class, sexuality, in themselves, and as ways of as ways of reading or seeing cultural material. . As we go through the material that you are presented with, you should also try to think of an original idea o research for the assay that you will be writing for the end of the semester. These Ideas may also respond to some more complete questions that you may already have somewhat things in general. 10. Modernism. Historical, grand narrative, about advancement and humanism. We know ultramodern art, but the first use of the word modern was used In the time of the Emperor Charlemagne In about DADA. 11.The enlightenment in the ICC is the beginning of what we would call modern with science, the beginnings of industry, rationalism and a belief in progress taking over from a superstition and subsistence. tungstenern values, from the equ als-holocaust trope of the 300 (battle of Thermopile) seen as defense of West against East. 12. Michael Gave represents English kings model of linear history, Paolo Ferrier educational theorist against this banking model of education. 13. Narrative of the thread of history often still dominant in public discourse. 4. Challenge the idea that to know anything you need to know its entire history. Be wary of this, as it takes up a lot of issues, practices etc. Than to attempt a straggly second hand history that is astronomically in the public domain anyway, linear history, progress. 15. The ideas and principles of modernism are fundamental to the interruptment of capitalism and the fall by the wayside market. 16. Modernist literature, high modernism, Joyce, Becket, Ezra Pound, Sentiment, De Still, Bauhaus, modern art. 17. Intellectuality texts refer to one another.Some would argue that this spot of modernism was the high water mark of Western culture, and that we are already going down agglomerate fast. 18. Cultural re outpution. Social and cultural basis for all of the definitions of what we consider to be of value or what can be classified as art. What we do here at college is a form of cultural reproduction, florists chrysanthemum things are taught, some arent. Some things you learn (by choice) some you dont. We all do this to some extent. 19. It is important to experience these habits and to challenge or break them.Habits in making, thinking and acting can be unnecessarily constraining 20. Orientation a kind of patronizing beatifications of the East, or the non West by the West. Edward Said, post colonialism. Slavery and Liverpool. The visit of slavery, architecture, visual evidence in buildings, street names etc. Liverpool wealth comes in a large part from the slave trade. Liverpool and Bristol. Can this still be seen? 1 . The West genuinely feels that it is the most advanced, civilized, free and valid form of social organization, Like the Roman s, Mayans, Egypt, Mesopotamia etc.All civilizations collapse for similar reasons (see Collapse of Complex Civilizations, Law of Entropy) 22. Colonialism, socialist economy and Fascism all products of modernism, as is radical Salamis Noon Gray, Straw Dogs, Heresies) in spite of the tendency to compare non-western ideologies to the past, knightly attitudes towards crime and punishment in Saudi Arabia for example, tribal conflicts in Africa or peasant communities of China. 3. Representation of Africa as behind Western Europe in terms of development (Edward Said). 24.Socialism Meta-narrative of class power. A socialist view on art and design might be that it supports the power elite (the owners of the means of production, the already wealthy), the forces that conquer the working classes, by presenting them (the wealthy) in the best possible light. (think about this next time you visit a major art gallery). 25. The means of production, publishing and media companies, art institutions etc. Are all owned or were established by the wealthy, and it is their interests that these institutions serve (see Media Lens). 26.Consumerism is one of the mechanisms that dazzle the ordinary folk into co come throughing with the mechanism of their heaviness (read Ragged Trousers Philanthropists by Robert Treeless, Germinal by Andre Guide, any George Orwell). 27. Capitalism Corporate ownership of media and publishing. 28. Normative. Progress, idea of the self-made man, level playing field, Work hard and you will be successful. National lottery or doofus tax is something that cashes in on the success of this image. 29. Racism examples in earning, canons in education, National Galleries. Anglo-centric curriculum acts as propaganda for term quo. 0. Childrens books golliwogs and teddy bears. Also animal characters and difference, what do they represent? Are there any patterns there? 31 . Anthropomorphism Childrens books, animal characters. Assumption of gender in animal characte rs. (Anomalousness) Animal Farm (Orwell). Function and reality, the farm, process CEO, the bastion. Fur trade and fashion, image and advertising (Theodore Adorn, Peter Singer) 33. Anarchism Media Lens, Chomsky and propaganda model (Manufacturing consent, E. Herman and N. Chomsky) outlines how western mass media works as propaganda.John Pilfer obvious propaganda of totalitarianism (USSR, N. Korea) compare to softer more inclusive (more deceptive? ) propaganda of corporate media. 34. Feminism Images of gender, (Butler, Original, Drink), Magazines. Lads mass, womens magazines. Andrea Drink, ironically vilified for her appearance but wrote extensively on the image of sexuality and patriarchal power and the relationship amidst Sexuality, queer hypothesis and hetero normative. I challenge you all to get your head round these ideas and to seriously suggest about visual culture and its affects in this arena. 35.Feminism is an inspiring way of insureing at images, artifacts and design. These critical positions are critical of what they describe as the heterosexuality that dominates popular media and political discourse. Egg. Top Gear, football, marketing (big pen for her http// www. Amazon. Co. UK/Bloc-For-Her-Medium-Ballpoint/electronic data processing/BUFFETING). 36. The differentiation of gender roles in print media being an obvious example, but there are examples long in the visual language of science, heritage, leisure, commerce, and everything really. 37. Politics Overtly political Kendal, Chitchats, Kale Lass, Sue CEO, Joe Image.Covertly political Marketing, publishing, advertising, product design, packaging (tacit support of Western consumerism, status quo) Apple, Span, suicides. 38. The discreet politics of art and design, consumerism, globalization and the visual cultural economy. Art turning left (Tate). 39. Semiotics A theory of reading, not sure whether it is a theory of making. Look at Visible signs by David crow, Reading images, for examples. 40. The visual turn the move to visuals from text establish communication (or the triumph of reading? . If images are seen as texts then reading still dominant. 1 . Multiplicity (objects can be encountered in a number of ways at the same time). 42. Intellectuality (texts refer to other texts, images exist within a world of images, styles of representation, critical interpretive communities (that maker can also be a member of etc) ever more so in digital communication. As a kind of finale to this presentation I would like to also talk about the upcoming talk on Whats revolutionary? And briefly mention a couple of things. Structuralism / post structuralism and Post-Modernism context We will look at territoriality.Alto-modernism, after the structures and narratives of modernism. Hybrid, cultural, social and material mixing and matching. Common points of reference. Hipster cool, political disenfranchisement or separation with class ridden power structures or class identity. Postpos ition, DC culture, tropes and mimes. Franois Laurelled Non philosophy Idea of looking critically or creatively at a discipline from the outside. Non anything, (this references well known critique of Faculty by Deride, where D argues that Ifs history of Madness is always going to be room the point of view of the not mad.Really, what F was doing was imaging madness from an oblique and UN referenced perspective). Could this inform our practice? What would non-design, non-illustration look like. Illustration that doesnt embellish? Design that hasnt been designed? What would it be to make work that doesnt do what it is told. Or that doesnt do what it is supposed to? This unfit thinking will be picked up in lecture 4. I have tried to talk you through some of these different that can be asked within these frameworks.The aim, though you are of course bay tree to pick up on any of the questions that arise from this talk, is for you to be able to think differently about both your practic al work, and your wider cultural landscape. The main thing to remember here is that these are ideas that should inspire you to develop your work along a path that you were previously unaware of, to go off in a new direction or trajectory, one that isnt for everyone but is Just for you. At the moment, your work might not fit in with your ideas on society, politics, culture or whatever. But we are all products of this cultural mLange and so is everything you sake.At the moment, it may be the best idea to strike out in a different critical direction (for the essay) and think about practical research on a module by module basis, keeping some of these ideas in the back of your mind, allowing the cross fertilization of thinking when appropriate. It is not demand to rush headlong (in terror) into post-modernism. Next week we will be looking at the work of the photographers ex Broodmare and Oliver Chain. I will send you a link to one of their books and an accompanying text. Your homework is to choose this material.